Saint George

Confession in the Orthodox Church

  • Confession
  • Preparation
  • 10 Commandments
    Questions for
    Self-examination
  • Scripture for
    Self-examination
  • 51st Psalm
  • Parable of
    the Lost Son
  • Articles

At Baptism and Chrismation we become members of the Church, are sealed with the Holy Spirit and receive Grace for our spiritual development and perfection. Immediately following this we find we are still faced with the temptations of sin. So, we need to be concerned about how we maintain our purity of our Baptismal state. How do we ever fulfill the command given to us by Christ to “be perfect, as our father in Heaven is perfect” (Mat 5:48)? It is only through the Mysteries of Repentance,and Confession and Holy Communion and our good works of love based on faith that we can preserve this purity. Our salvation comes as a gift when our will cooperates with the Grace of the Holy Spirit.

We are all descendants of Adam and Eve who fell from God’s grace and we must struggle to be freed from sin and the passions of this earthly existence which are rooted in our physical make-up. Christ came to give us the Grace necessary for our salvation and showed us the path to follow. He cast the seed and we must cultivate it. Sin is easy and common. When we are not in communion and union with God, we fall and become slaves of our passions. But God is compassionate, so we don’t have to despair about our weak condition. He will forgive us if we are repentant. God's Word promises "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us and cleanse us from all unrighteousness" (1 John 1:9). The faithful are to bring their sins to God in repentance, and through appropriate preparation receive cleansing and forgiveness.

Through Confession repentance leads us to salvation
Repentance leads us to salvation provided it is coupled with Confession. Confession is what reconciles us with the Father who loves us unconditionally. He does not want us to die as a sinner, but wishes us to return to union with Him and attain eternal life in His kingdom. We see this clearly in the parable of the Prodigal Son who said, “Father, I have sinned against Heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son.” (Luke 15:21) With this the father opened his arms and embraced him. The Holy Fathers have taught us that Confession is the renewal of our Baptism. The Lord knows our weaknesses and does not punish us for them if only we are willing to repent and work to change our ways.

Yet, no matter how great our repentance is, if it is not completed by the Mystery of Confession it does not give rise to salvation or reconcile us with God. It is only through Confession preceded by the sincere repentance that our sins can be cleansed and our soul be healed. Repentance alone is not sufficient.

It is no different than when we have a bodily ailment and are suffering. It is not sufficient for us to know what we are suffering from. This will not cure us. We must seek out a physician of the body to help us get well. It is the same with our sins. It is not sufficient to know them and feel sorry about them. This is only the beginning of our healing. We must seek out a spiritual doctor, a Priest who is a Confessor, so he can grant us remission and offer the appropriate remedies for our spiritual sickness. If we do not, we will not be cured and our soul in its sickness will be eternally separated from God.

But I confess my sins privately
Many say, “I confess my sins privately in front of my icons at home. I pray and make the sign of my cross and ask for His forgiveness. I know He is compassionate and will forgive me. I do not want to tell them to a Priest because I feel embarrassed and I am fearful that he will reveal my sinfulness to others

This a serious error. Even the early Christians would stand and confess their sins to God in the presence of the whole congregation. Jesus encouraged His followers to walk in the light together, to confront problems corporately, to "tell it to the church" (Mat 18:17). Thus James writes, "Confess your trespasses to one another" (James 5:16). But as time went on and the Church grew in numbers, strangers came to visit and public confession became more difficult. Out of mercy, priests began to witness confessions of sin privately on behalf of the Church.

It was Christ Himself who gave His disciples the authority to forgive sin and said, "If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained" (John 20:23; cf. Matt 16:19, 18:17-19). He did not give this authority to icons or to anyone other than His disciples. They in turn passed this authority on to their successors, the Hierarchs and Priests. Not even the Theotokos was given this authority. It is only the Priests who were permitted to manage heavenly affairs. There is no doubt that God accepts the repentance of a sinner, but He forgives it only through the medium of the spiritual Father and the Mystery of Confession. In confession the slate is wiped clean like at the time of Baptism. This sacrament, like the others, is a gift from God. It is for our spiritual benefit and to help us attain theosis and salvation.

Ordination grants responsibilities
From the beginning, Christians understood that Ordination endowed the discernment and compassion to speak the words of remission, on behalf of Christ, regarding the sins of those who confess and turn from sin. For God has promised the removing of sin from us "as far as the east is from the west" (Ps 103:12). St John Chrysostom says, "The priests decree below, God confirms above, and the Master agrees with the opinion of His slaves".

"You did not choose Me", Jesus told the Twelve, "but I chose you and appointed you." (John 15:16). To these same disciples Jesus promised, "It is not you who speak but the Holy Spirit" (Mark 13:11). Whom God calls, He equips. Paul writes to Timothy, "Stir up the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands" (2 Tim 1:6). It is the grace of the Holy Spirit which enables the priest to serve God and the people. Priests are only the visible instrument of God's mercy at the performance of the Mystery, which is performed invisibly through them by God Himself. It is God (the Holy Triune) who forgives our sins.

The Priest is a spiritual Physician
The Priest is a spiritual physician. He will help you and give you advice about how to fight your passions. He will console you and offer solutions to the many problems you face. He will embrace you and he can commiserate with you. He is not a impartial fearful judge. He is a father, a physician of the soul as well as a brother and fellow sinner who experiences the same problems as you do. He is always praying for you. Pray for him.

But the Priest is a sinner
There are those who will insist and say that the Priest is a sinner and is therefore unworthy to hear my confession. It is another truth of the Church that the condition of the Priest does not condition the work of the Holy spirit is effecting the Mysteries of the Church. If this were true there would be no Church as we are all sinners including the Priests. In the performance of the Holy Mysteries the Priest does nothing on his own. He is only a tool of God designated through the Apostolic succession. We should not scrutinize the sins of the Priest. We do not do this when dealing with other people. When a check comes in the mail delivered by a sinful mailman we do not hesitate to go and cash it. When we are sick we do not judge the moral condition of the doctor but look for his expertise and knowledge to help us. When you receive your salary from your employer you do not question their moral worthiness. If you need to cross a river and the only bridge to use is an old one you are compelled to use it to cross. You don’t reason about why it is not in better shape. The same with the pipes that deliver us water. The pipes may be rusty yet we drink the water when we are thirsty. Our confessor may be like the bridge or the rusty pipe.. He is assuredly a sinner like us and we should pray for him and have compassion. But his condition has no impact on the validity of any of the Sacraments.

But I give alms
Others think that their sins will be forgiven if they simply give alms and do other good deeds without engaging in Confession with a priest. It is only our pride that does not allow us to humble ourselves and reveal our spiritual weakness to a Priest. What does a person do who is carrying a heavy load when he is tired from this physical effort? He sets it down and seeks a cart or some means to carry the load for him. Likewise, when your sins provide a heavy burden, it is prudent to go to the Priest and with his help to set aside the entire burden of your sins.

Confession brings relief
With Confession you can feel an incredible sense of relief, joy and satisfaction. You spiritual life will blossom. This is a path to holiness for many of our saints. Saint Cyprian was a renowned sorcerer and after repenting and confession became a Martyr for Christ. Saint Moses the Ethiopian was a former robber. Other examples are saint Mary of Egypt, Eudocia, and there are many more. These saints sinned greatly but in repentance they laid down the burden of their sins with Confession. This is what God wants us to do so we can be united with Him and allow Him to make us gods by Grace.

It is essential to remember that the remission of sins in the Sacrament is an act of mercy. It is given for our spiritual profit, "for edification, and not for destruction" (2 Cor 10:8).

Thus we come before the holy icon of Christ, to whom we confess, and are guided by the priest, our spiritual father, not a judge waiting to had out punishment but a healer and helper, helps us through a cleansing inventory of our lives. When we tell God all, naming our sins and failures, we hear those glorious words of freedom which announces Christ's promise of forgiveness of all our sins. We resolve to "go and sin no more" (John 8:11).

A change of mind
The Greek term for repentance, metanoia, denotes a change of mind, a reorientation, a fundamental transformation of outlook, of man's vision of the world and of himself, and a new way of loving others and God... It is clear that what is at stake here are not particular acts of contrition, but an attitude, a state of mind. "For this life," states John Chrysostom, "is in truth wholly devoted to repentance, penthos and wailing. This is why it is necessary to repent, not merely for one or two days, but throughout one's whole life…."

Preparing for Confession

Advice given by Saint Theophan the recluse from his book Path to Salvation.

To make a good confession it is necessary to prepare yourself carefully. Ask God to give you Grace to make a thorough examination of your conscience, the courage to make a sincere and complete confession, and the strength to amend your way of life in the days to come.

Think timidly and fearfully of our weak human condition.

Begin your examination from the time of your last confession; try to recall whether you omitted anything through carelessness or lapse of memory, or from fear of embarrassment. Examine yourself with the assistance of the form of self-examination according to the Ten Commandments of God which follows.

It is most necessary that you be truly sorry for the sins which you have committed, and that you firmly purpose amendment of your manner of living. Embrace the story of the Prodigal Son (Lk 15:11-32).

When I disobeyed in ignorance Thy fatherly glory, I wasted in iniquities the riches that Thou gavest me. Wherefore, I cry to Thee with the voice of the prodigal son, saying, I have sinned before Thee, O compassionate Father, receive me repentant, and make me as one of Thy hired servants.

You must take time to know your sins. This can not be taken for granted as most of us are blind to our sinfulness. Make up a sheet with the Commandments of God on one side and your life on the other. Examine the differences.

Recall all your obligations in relation to God, your neighbor and yourself. Go through the ten commandments. Review the Sermon on the mount (Matthew 5). Read the Epistle of James and the Epistles of Paul especially Romans 12:9-21 and Ephesians 4. Also read the Epistle of Saint John.

Seek out the things you should not have done and those which you should have done but didn’t. Also examine your good deed and try to see the motivations which were behind them. Was there a self serving agenda associated with them?
Be specific in your examination. In each case try and to identify the time, place, people involved and so forth. This will help you to avoid meaningless generalities and make you aware of specific behaviors that you will want to examine to change.

Once you have competed this list, which may be lengthy, Identify the underlying pattern which show you the characteristics of your inner heart. Identify the passions which are governing your life. Find the one passion which conditions all the other actions. Once you have identified this you have found the root of your sinfulness.

Next, reflect on these sins and their root until you see clearly that each one was committed according to your own desire. Don’t listen to the excuses your mind will begin to make for you. These don’t help. Keep working on this until you are ready to honestly say, I am guilty of this and that. In this process you will feel burdened and wretched. Don’t let this get you down. Feel good that you are uncovering your sinfulness and increase your desire to uncover them all. The right feeling to have is one of regret and repentance. This will lead you to making a vow to change. This is true metanoia or repentance.

Once you have completed this process you are prepared for the sacrament of confession. It is through the sacrament that all the guilt and bad feelings can be erased and you can start with a clean start on a new way of life in Christ. It is a renewal process that you need to undertake at a minimum of once a year.

 

Self-Examination Woerksheet

Self-Examination According to the Ten Commandments
Use the following questions as a guide for self-evaluation.

First Commandment
Thou shall have none other gods before Me. (Deuteronomy 5:7).
Have I believed in God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, One God in Three Persons?
Have I acknowledged God as the Lord, the Source of all good things, the Savior of my soul and body?
Have I loved God with all my heart, mind, soul and strength?
Have I constantly had the thought of God in my mind and the fear of God in my heart?
Have I failed to trust in God and His mercy?
Has my faith in God been shaken by skepticism or doubt?
Have I complained against God in time of adversity?
Have I been thankful for God’s blessings?
Have I questioned or doubted the holy tenets of the Orthodox Faith?
Have I asked God to strengthen my faith?
Have I despaired of God’s mercy or help?
Have I prayed to God every day, morning and evening?
Have I prayed with zeal?
Have I always attended Divine Services whenever possible?
Have I missed any of them without good reason?
Have I tried to serve God and keep His commandments?
Have I preferred religious books over others? Have I, in fact, read them?
Have I read atheistic or heretical books out of sinful curiosity?
Have I attended the meetings of heretics and schismatics?
Have I willingly contributed to charitable causes and to the Church? Have I given a sacrificial portion of my resources?
Have I neglected my duties to God through fear of ridicule or persecution?
Have I denied that I am a Christian?
Have I denied any teaching of the Orthodox Faith?
Have I given way to superstition?
Have I consulted astrologers, fortune-tellers or spiritualists?
Have I put myself before God?
Have I forgotten or neglected the most important thing in life, that is, preparing for eternity?
How will I answer God if I have given myself up to vanity, sloth, pleasure and carelessness?

Second Commandment
Thou shall not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters beneath the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them ... (Deuteronomy 5:8,9a).
Have I made an idol of any person or thing?
Have I given to any one or to any thing the worship that is due to God alone?
Have I put God first? Or have I given first place to: accumulation of money, acquisition of property, amusement or entertainment, food and drink, clothes, self-adornment, attention to myself, eliciting praise, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, spending time in distractions, obsession with myself or with other persons or things?
Have I been distracted from God by a passion for watching television or movies, attending the theater or playing games of one sort or another?
Have I been so anxious about myself, my family or my friends that I have neglected God, failed to serve Him and not carried out what is required of me by the Church?
Have I given too much attention to my home and its furnishings, its decoration and repair?
Have I paid too much attention to a car, truck, van, boat or other vehicle of travel?
Have I been irreverent during Divine Services, let my attention wander or been insincere?
Have I neglected to receive Holy Communion regularly?
Have I received the Divine Gifts without due preparation?
Have I made an idol of myself?
Have I made an idol of some passion? love of money? gluttony? sexual obsession? anger?
Have I allowed a passion to take possession of my heart?
Have I read the Holy Scriptures regularly?
Have I read books that would be spiritually nourishing?
Have I set before myself the holy life of Jesus my Savior and tried to imitate Him?
Have I called on Him to help me?
Have I read the lives of the Saints and tried to imitate their virtues, especially those of my Patron Saint?
Have I asked for their prayers and their strength?

Third Commandment
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain (Deuteronomy 5:11).
Have I profaned the name of God in any way?
Have I been thoughtless or irreverent with the name of God?
Have I used the name of God in a curse?
Have I treated something holy as a joke, or joked about holy things?
Have I grumbled toward God or even renounced Him at any time?
Have I shown due respect to the clergy and the faithful or hindered them in their work?
Have I shown respect for all other people?
Have I prayed absent-mindedly or inattentively?
Have I cursed anyone or anything?
Have I sworn a false oath?
Have I broken an oath or a promise?
Have I entered into any sinful or unlawful contract or made such a promise?
Have I given in to despondency?

Fourth Commandment
Keep the Sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee (Deuteronomy 5:12).
Have I failed to attend Divine Services on the Lord’s Day or on a Great Feast Day without just cause?
Have I kept others from attending Divine Services?
Have I done unnecessary work on Sundays or on Great Feast Days?
Have I violated the sanctity of the Lord’s Day or Great Feasts by unwholesome or frivolous activities?
Have I distracted others from keeping these days in a godly way?
Did I pray at home if I was unable to attend Divine Services on the Lord’s Day or a Great Feast Day?
Did I make every effort to worship "in spirit and in truth" while I was at a Divine Service?
Did I allow myself to be distracted by worldly concerns at a Divine Service? to judge others? to think of unwholesome or frivolous things?
Did I make the effort to come to Divine Services on time?
Have I diligently kept the fasts of the Church?
Have I caused anyone else to violate the fasts or tempted anyone to do so?
Have I fasted properly in my heart, realizing a hunger for God and life in Him, rather than legalistically, just to fulfill the letter?

Fifth Commandment
Honor thy father and thy mother, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with thee, in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee (Deuteronomy 5:16).
Have I been disrespectful to my parents or inattentive to their advice and concern for me?
Have I been lacking in love for them?
Have I withheld love from them?
Have I disobeyed them?
Have I neglected them or failed to help them?
Have I cared for my parents in their illnesses or old age?
Have I deceived my parents or caused them pain by my words or actions?
Have I prayed for my parents and other relatives?
Have I prayed for the repose of my parents and other relatives who are departed?
Have I done my duty toward my family?
Husbands: Have I sacrificed my life for my wife?
Wives: Have I been obedient to my husband?
Have I encouraged peace and mutual respect among the members of my family?
Have I been responsible toward my spouse, children and others who depend on me for help, counsel, guidance or support?
Have I been wanting in love for my spouse or harmed her/him in any way?
Have I set a good example for my children?
Have I tried to rear my children in godliness?
Have I disciplined them with patience? or in anger?
Have I been overindulgent with my children?
Have I been stingy with any members of my family or with others?
Have I neglected my godparents or failed to honor them?
Have I neglected my godchildren or failed to instruct, guide or encourage them in the Orthodox Faith?
Have I worked for my employer honestly and diligently?
Have I treated fairly and respectfully all who worked with me or who are under my supervision?
Have I respected and prayed for the civil authorities?
Have I honored those who are older than I?
Have I shown respect for all others?
Have I mocked anyone or made fun of him?
Have I respected the clergy of the Church and prayed for them?
Have I criticized them or mocked them?
Have I been embittered against them, especially when they chastised or corrected me?
Have I honored God as my Father, the Church as my Mother, and other human beings as my fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters?

Sixth Commandment
Thou shalt not kill
(Deuteronomy 5:17).
Have I killed another person, or have I contributed to the death of another person?
Have I had an abortion or given support or encouragement to someone else to have one?
Have I wanted another person to die?
Have I wanted any type of harm to come to another person or group of people?
Have I tried to kill myself or thought seriously about doing it?
Have I caused injury to another person?
Have I caused injury to myself through smoking, overindulgence, drinking too much alcohol, taking drugs or too much medicine or through evil and intemperate living?
Have I given way to anger?
Have I cursed anyone or hurt anyone with unduly harsh words?
Have I been cruel to anyone?
Have I ignored someone who needed help or failed to defend someone who was being treated unjustly or cruelly?
Have I failed to respond to those who are in need: to the hungry, the thirsty, the stranger, the naked, the imprisoned, the homeless, the ill, the troubled, the afflicted, the depressed or those with other needs that I could help?
Have I harmed someone spiritually by leading him into temptation to commit spiritual death through heresy, schism or by some other sin?
Have I shown malice or hatred toward another person?
Do I bear any malice or resentment or hatred in my heart toward anyone else?
Have I failed to forgive anyone or harbored evil thoughts against anyone?
Have I mistreated animals or destroyed or harmed any living creature unnecessarily?

Seventh Commandment
Neither shalt thou commit adultery (Deuteronomy 5:18).
Have I committed the sins of adultery or fornication?
Have I committed the sin of masturbation?
Have I had any sexual experiences outside of marriage?
Have I done anything impure alone or with any other person(s)?
Have I engaged in bestiality, transvestitism, sodomy or any other abnormal sexual practice?
Have I degraded myself or another person in any way?
Have I forgotten or ignored human dignity?
Have I been immodest?
Have I lived in an improper way with anyone else?
Have I read or looked at immoral, suggestive or pornographic books, magazines, pictures, websites, movies, tapes, dances, plays or performances?
Have I entertained impure thoughts or fantasies? Have I been unfaithful to my spouse through impure thoughts or fantasies?
Have I looked at any person or thing in an impure way?
Have I spoken or listened to impure or suggestive language, dirty jokes or lewd songs?
Have I eaten or drunk too much? Have I tempted others to do so?
Have I associated with bad companions?
Have I been a to unsavory place?
Have I been lazy, idle or wasteful of time?
Have I tempted others or led them to commit sinful acts or to entertain sinful thoughts?
Have I tempted others through my own immodesty or through suggestive language or actions?
Have I been unfaithful to any trust?
Have I betrayed the confidence of anyone else?
Have I judged any other person?

Eighth Commandment
Neither shall thou steal (Deuteronomy 5:19).
Have I stolen anything or wished to do so?
Have I stolen by fraud, deception or conspiracy?
Have I kept anything that did not belong to me?
Have I stolen by not rendering a service for which I was compensated?
Have I tried honestly to find the owner of lost articles I found, when it was reasonable to do so?
Have I cheated or defrauded anyone?
Have I accepted or purchased stolen goods?
Have I disposed improperly of the goods of another?
Have I paid my debts in a timely way?
Have I lived within my means?
Have I lived extravagantly or wastefully?
Have I been selfish with what is entrusted to me?
Have I been miserly in soul?
Have I shared with others?
Have I been stingy?
Have I given to those in need?
Have I given a sacrificial proportion of my goods to the Church for God’s service?
Have I been honest and upright in my dealings with others?

Ninth Commandment
Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbor (Deuteronomy 5:20)
Have I slandered anyone?
Have I lied?
Have I added to or taken away from the truth?
Have I made careless statements or spoken evil of anyone? Have I betrayed the confidence of another person?
Have I criticized others?
Have I rejoiced in the failings or downfall of others?
Have I covered my brother’s shame as Shem and Japheth covered their father Noah’s?
Have I spread gossip or scandal?
Have I hurt the reputation of anyone else?
Have I concealed the truth or assisted in carrying out a lie? Have I confessed to sins I have not committed?
Have I confessed all the sins I have committed?
Have I failed to come forward to defend another person when I knew he was being slandered or spoken against unjustly?
Have I tried to see the good in others?
Have I concentrated on the shortcomings of others?
Have I engaged in idle chatter?
Have I spoken unnecessarily?
Have I laughed or acted frivolously?
Have I made a real effort to be truthful at all times?

Tenth Commandment
Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbors wife, neither shalt thou covet thy neighbors house, his field, or his manservant, or his maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbor’s (Deuteronomy 5:2 1).
Have I envied others? either their lives or their goods?
Have I desired anything that was another’s?
Have I damaged or destroyed the possessions or property of others?
Have I desired things God has not given me?
Have I been discontent with my life?
Have I held back anything due to another because I wanted it myself or for any other reason?
Have I hoped for the downfall of another so that I might gain by it?
Have I failed to be gracious and generous to anyone?
Have I wanted from God what I refused to give to a fellow man: forgiveness? goods? grace? physical or spiritual blessings?
Have I been greedy?
Have I been jealous of another person’s goods, money, appearance, success, love, popularity, being loved by another or others?
Have I concentrated my time, efforts and thoughts on the things of the world rather than on the things of the spirit?

Epistle of James, Epistle of Paul to the Romans (12:9-21), Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians, First Epistle of John, Sermon on the Mount - Matthew Chapter 5

Epistle of James

Temptations (1:12-18)
Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord had promised to those who love Him.
(We are to rejoice even in temptations. Our attitude toward them reveals whether or not we are prepared for heaven.)

Hear and Do (1:19-27)
So then, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath; for the wrath of man does not produce the righteousness of God.
(For us to understand the righteousness of God requires patience, graciousness, and controlled passions.)

The Law of Love (2:1-13)
If you really fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well; but if you show partiality you commit sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors.
For judgement is without mercy to the one who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
(The standard by which we judge is that by which we will be judged; the mercy we give will be the mercy we receive.)

Controlling what we say (3:1-12)
If anyone does not stumble in word, he is a perfect man, able also to bridle the whole body.
The tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity.
With it [speech] we bless our God and father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the similitude of God.

Quarrels (4:1-10)
Where do wars and fights come from among you? Do they not come from your desires for pleasure that war in your members?

Criticizing Others (4:11-12)
Do not speak evil of one another, brethren. He who speaks evil of a brother and judges his brother speaks evil of the law and judges the law.
(Belittling criticism of others is another way pride is revealed in our speech. It is a lack of faith united with evil works, an offense both to the person criticized and to God.

Being Overly Confident (4:13-17)
To him who knows to do good and does not do it, to him it is sin.


Epistle of Paul to the Romans (12:9-21)

Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil. Cling to what is good.

Be kindly, affectionate to one another with brotherly love, in honor giving preference to one another

not lagging in diligence, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord;

rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, continuing steadfastly in prayer.

distributing to the needs of the saints, given to hospitality.

Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse.

Rejoice with those who rejoice and weep with those who weep.

Be of the same mind toward one another. Do not set your mind on high things, but associate with the humble. Do not be wise in your own opinion.

Repay no one evil for evil. Have regard for good things in the sight of all men.

If it is possible, as much as depends on you, live peaceably with all men.

Beloved, do not avenge yourselves, but rather give place to wrath; for it is written, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay.” says the Lord.

Therefore “If your enemy is hungry, feed him; If he is thirsty, give him a drink; For in so doing you will heap coals of fire on his head.”

Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.


Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians

I, therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you to walk worthy of the calling with which you were called,

with all lowliness and gentleness,

with long suffering, bearing with one another in love, endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace...

To each one of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ’s gift... for the equipping of saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ... You should no longer walk as the rest of the Gentiles walk... Put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness.(4:1-24)

“Let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor,”

“Be angry, and do not sin”; do not let the sun go down on your wrath
(Be angry with the Devil and not your own member. This is why God has armed us with anger. That that we should thrust the sword against our own bodies, but that we should baptize the whole blade in the devils’ breast. - St. John Chrysostom)

Let him who stole steal no longer, but rather let him labor, working with his hands what is good, that he may have something to give him who is in need.

Let no corrupt word proceed out of your mouth, but what is good for necessary edification, that it may impart grace to the hearers.

Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, and evil speaking be put away from you, with all malice.

And be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God in Christ forgave you.


First Epistle of John

If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. (1:8-9)
(Sin does exist exist and confession is the established basis for growth toward righteousness. Salvation in Christ is a process of growth into sinlessness.)

He who says, “I know Him,” and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him...He who abides in Him ought himself to walk just as He walked. (2:4-6)
(Those outside of Christ will not become partakers of His life unless they, by God’s grace, practice what He says.)

He who says e is in the light, and hates his brother, is in darkness until now. He who loves his brother abides in the light... (2:9-11)
(To love God is also to love one another)

Do not love the world, or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world...is not of the Father but is on the world. (2:15-16)
(The world here is the creation after the Fall and under the dominion of Satan. It is creation no longer oriented toward God, but dominated by inordinate passions and subject to death. It is the world we experience daily.)

Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called children of God! ...it had not yet been revealed what we shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is. (3:1-2)
(Made in God’s image and likeness, we are fulfilled by becoming like Him, a process called sanctification or deification. How shall we see Him? Through our likeness to Him; our human nature will be glorified with the glorified humanity of the Son and through a knowledge of all three persons of the Trinity.)

He who does not love his brother abides in death. Whoever hates his brother is a murderer and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in Him. (3:14-15)
( John Cassian writes: “If we wish to receive the Lord's blessings we should restrain not only the outward expression of anger, but also angry thoughts.)

Whoever has this world’s goods and sees his brother in need and shuts his heart from him, how does the love of God abide in him? (3:17)

He who does not love does not know God, for God is love. (4:8)
If we love one another, God abides in us.... (4:12)

There is no fear in love; but perfect love casts out fear... (4:18)


Sermon on the Mount - Matthew Chapter 5

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (5:3)
(Blessed means heavenly, spiritual blessedness rather than earthly happiness or prosperity. The poor in spirit, the humble and lowly, have the heart of the poor and their total dependence on God. These are truly the “spiritually rich.”)

Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. (5:4)
(Those who mourn over their sins and the suffering of mankind are genuinely repentant, to be comforted in the new age. Holy sorrow is to be distinguished from ungodly sorrow which is a sadness that leads to despair. Mourning can extinguish the flame of anger and make a person meek.)

Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. (5:5)
(Meekness is an attitude of being content with both honor and dishonor. It is an imitation of Christ who said, “Learn from Me, for I am gentle [meek] and lowly in heart.” Meekness is not passive gentleness, but strength under control.)

Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, For they shall be filled. (5:6)
(They feel the impulse and desire to fulfill the Will of God by their worship of and obedience to God.)

Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. (5:7)
(Mercy is love expressed in action. In view of God’s lovingkindness we in turn are to be merciful to all others.)

Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. (5:8)
(The pure in heart are devoted to the worship and service of God. With the aid of the Holy Spirit they practice all the virtues and are not conscious of any evil in themselves and live in temperance. This is a spiritual stage attained by very few in this life. When the soul is not dominated by sinful passions nor its energy dissipated by things of this world, its only desire is God, then the heart shall see God.)

Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. (5:9)
(The Holy Spirit gives peace to those who meditate on Christ and imitate Him. Peace brings communion with God and concord with all creation, the sign of our sanctity.)

Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (5:10)
(The Children of God uphold God's truth and refuse to compromise with the ways of the world. They give themselves up to no other.)

Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you. (5:11-12)
(The willingness to suffer persecutions show a Christian's loyalty and unity with Jesus Christ. Suffering for Christ is attended with inexpressible joy.)

You are the salt of the earth.... You are the light of the world.... Let you light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father in heaven. (5:13-16)
(Disciples of Christ are to manifest the light of patient goodness bringing glory to their Father in heaven.)

Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so , shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven. (5:19)

Whoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment. (5:22)

Whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with he in his heart. (5: 28)
(Sin does not come out of nature, but out of internal self-indulgence. He who feasts on lust within himself brings sin into his heart through his thoughts.)

I tell you not to resist an evil person. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. (5:39)
(Jesus warns us not to resist violence with more violence. Evil, and the evil person, can be overcome only by good.)

I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you. (5:44)
(He offers the greatest possession of all--perfect love. That is a gift which can only be possessed by the one who, by the grace of God and the power of the Holy Spirit, manifests God’s love for all. Such love calls us to bless, do good, and pray--even for enemies. Love of neighbor is the sign of having become a true child of God. Love is not merely an emotion. It is a divine grace--an uncreated divine energy--which inflames the soul and unites it to God and to other people.)

 

Psalm 51
Have mercy upon me, O God, According to Your loving kindness; According to the multitude of Your tender mercies, Blot out my transgressions. Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, And cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge my transgressions, And my sin is always before me. Against You, You only, have I sinned, And done this evil in Your sight— That You may be found just when You speak, And blameless when You judge. Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, And in sin my mother conceived me. Behold, You desire truth in the inward parts, And in the hidden part You will make me to know wisdom. Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Make me hear joy and gladness, That the bones You have broken may rejoice. Hide Your face from my sins, And blot out all my iniquities. Create in me a clean heart, O God, And renew a steadfast spirit within me. Do not cast me away from Your presence, And do not take Your Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, And uphold me by Your generous Spirit. Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, And sinners shall be converted to You. Deliver me from the guilt of bloodshed, O God, The God of my salvation, And my tongue shall sing aloud of Your righteousness. O Lord, open my lips, And my mouth shall show forth Your praise. For You do not desire sacrifice, or else I would give it; You do not delight in burnt offering. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, A broken and a contrite heart— These, O God, You will not despise. Do good in Your good pleasure to Zion; Build the walls of Jerusalem. Then You shall be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness,With burnt offering and whole burnt offering; Then they shall offer bulls on Your altar.

Beatitudes
Sermon on the Mount

(Matthew 5:3-10)

1. Blessed are the poor in spirit (πτωχοι τω πνεύματι): for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
2. Blessed are they that mourn [οι πενΘουντες]: for they shall be comforted [παρακληΘήσονται].
3. Blessed are the meek (οι πραεις): for they shall inherit the earth (κληρονομήσουσιν την γην).
4. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness [οι πεινωντες και διψωτες την δικαιοσύνην]: for they shall be filled.
5. Blessed are the merciful [οι έλεήμονες]: for they shall obtain mercy.
6. Blessed are the pure in heart (καθαροι τη καρδία): for they shall see God.
Psalm 24:3-4: Who shall ascend into the hill of the LORD? or who shall stand in His holy place? He that hath clean hands and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully.
7. Blessed are the peacemakers [ειρηνοποιοί]: for they shall be called the children of God [‘υιοι Θεου, hyioi Theou, sons of God].
8. Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake [οι δεδιωγμένοι ένεκεν δικαιοσύνης]: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven [βασιλεία των ούρανων].

The Parable of the Lost Son

Then He said: “A certain man had two sons. And the younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the portion of goods that falls to me.’ So he divided to them his livelihood. And not many days after, the younger son gathered all together, journeyed to a far country, and there wasted his possessions with prodigal living. But when he had spent all, there arose a severe famine in that land, and he began to be in want. Then he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. And he would gladly have filled his stomach with the pods that the swine ate, and no one gave him anything.
“But when he came to himself, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you, and I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.”’
“And he arose and came to his father. But when he was still a great way off, his father saw him and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him. And the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and in your sight, and am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
“But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet. And bring the fatted calf here and kill it, and let us eat and be merry; for this my son was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’ And they began to be merry. (Lk 15:11-24)

Podcast by Matthew Gallatin. Matthew is the author of Thirsting For God in a Land of Shallow Wells

Articles
Preparing for Confession by Department of Religious Education from "My Orthodox Prayer Book"

The Ten Commandments by Rev. George Mastrantonis

Young People and Confession
by Fr. Milton Efthimiou

Repentance and Confession - Introduction
by Fr. John Chryssavgis

What Is Necessary for a Saving Confession?
by Metropolitan Innocent of Moscow

Self-Examination Before Confession
by Saint Nicolas Varzhansky

How Everyone Should Prepare Before Confession:

An Excerpt from Exomologetarion (A Manual of Confession) by St. Nikodemos the Hagiorite

A Catechism on Confession.
Reprinted from The Shepherd, published by the Brotherhood of St. Edward the Martyr, London, England.

AN ORTHODOX CONFESSION WHICH LEADS THE INWARD MAN TO HUMILITY

From "The Way of a Pilgrim"

A Lament for Sin
by St. Basil the Great

Some reflections on Confession
by Alexander Schmemann (St. Vladimir’s Seminary Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 3, Fall, 1961, pp. 38-44)

OrthodoxWiki

Recommended Books

Do You Have a Ticket?, by Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fili: a very concise and inspiring small book on confession in the Orthodox Church. Written in the style of the great saints of our Church. A must-have for any pious Christian. "Not Three Times a Year": a profound chapter on the importance of frequent confession (Ch. 11).

Confession, by Met. Anthony Khrapovitsky (Jordanville, NY: Holy Trinity Monastery): this was used as the primary reference for the section on Confession in the book A Guide to Orthodox Life and comes highly recommended by the author. It is mainly geared towards Priests (to teach them to be better confessors); however, there is a wealth of information for laypeople as well.

The Forgotten Medicine: The Mystery of Repentance, Archimandrite Seraphim Aleksiev.

Video
Holy Sacraments Series: Penance with Rev. John Chakos